sqlglot.dialects.bigquery API documentation

Edit on GitHub

# sqlglot.dialects.bigquery

View Source

      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import logging
      4import re
      5import typing as t
      6
      7from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      8from sqlglot._typing import E
      9from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
     10    Dialect,
     11    binary_from_function,
     12    date_add_interval_sql,
     13    datestrtodate_sql,
     14    format_time_lambda,
     15    inline_array_sql,
     16    json_keyvalue_comma_sql,
     17    max_or_greatest,
     18    min_or_least,
     19    no_ilike_sql,
     20    parse_date_delta_with_interval,
     21    regexp_replace_sql,
     22    rename_func,
     23    timestrtotime_sql,
     24    ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
     25)
     26from sqlglot.helper import seq_get, split_num_words
     27from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     28
     29logger = logging.getLogger("sqlglot")
     30
     31
     32def _derived_table_values_to_unnest(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
     33    if not expression.find_ancestor(exp.From, exp.Join):
     34        return self.values_sql(expression)
     35
     36    alias = expression.args.get("alias")
     37
     38    structs = [
     39        exp.Struct(
     40            expressions=[
     41                exp.alias_(value, column_name)
     42                for value, column_name in zip(
     43                    t.expressions,
     44                    alias.columns
     45                    if alias and alias.columns
     46                    else (f"_c{i}" for i in range(len(t.expressions))),
     47                )
     48            ]
     49        )
     50        for t in expression.find_all(exp.Tuple)
     51    ]
     52
     53    return self.unnest_sql(exp.Unnest(expressions=[exp.Array(expressions=structs)]))
     54
     55
     56def _returnsproperty_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
     57    this = expression.this
     58    if isinstance(this, exp.Schema):
     59        this = f"{this.this} <{self.expressions(this)}>"
     60    else:
     61        this = self.sql(this)
     62    return f"RETURNS {this}"
     63
     64
     65def _create_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
     66    kind = expression.args["kind"]
     67    returns = expression.find(exp.ReturnsProperty)
     68
     69    if kind.upper() == "FUNCTION" and returns and returns.args.get("is_table"):
     70        expression = expression.copy()
     71        expression.set("kind", "TABLE FUNCTION")
     72
     73        if isinstance(expression.expression, (exp.Subquery, exp.Literal)):
     74            expression.set("expression", expression.expression.this)
     75
     76        return self.create_sql(expression)
     77
     78    return self.create_sql(expression)
     79
     80
     81def _unqualify_unnest(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     82    """Remove references to unnest table aliases since bigquery doesn't allow them.
     83
     84    These are added by the optimizer's qualify_column step.
     85    """
     86    from sqlglot.optimizer.scope import find_all_in_scope
     87
     88    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
     89        unnest_aliases = {
     90            unnest.alias
     91            for unnest in find_all_in_scope(expression, exp.Unnest)
     92            if isinstance(unnest.parent, (exp.From, exp.Join))
     93        }
     94        if unnest_aliases:
     95            for column in expression.find_all(exp.Column):
     96                if column.table in unnest_aliases:
     97                    column.set("table", None)
     98                elif column.db in unnest_aliases:
     99                    column.set("db", None)
    100
    101    return expression
    102
    103
    104# https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/162294746
    105# workaround for bigquery bug when grouping by an expression and then ordering
    106# WITH x AS (SELECT 1 y)
    107# SELECT y + 1 z
    108# FROM x
    109# GROUP BY x + 1
    110# ORDER by z
    111def _alias_ordered_group(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    112    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
    113        group = expression.args.get("group")
    114        order = expression.args.get("order")
    115
    116        if group and order:
    117            aliases = {
    118                select.this: select.args["alias"]
    119                for select in expression.selects
    120                if isinstance(select, exp.Alias)
    121            }
    122
    123            for e in group.expressions:
    124                alias = aliases.get(e)
    125
    126                if alias:
    127                    e.replace(exp.column(alias))
    128
    129    return expression
    130
    131
    132def _pushdown_cte_column_names(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    133    """BigQuery doesn't allow column names when defining a CTE, so we try to push them down."""
    134    if isinstance(expression, exp.CTE) and expression.alias_column_names:
    135        cte_query = expression.this
    136
    137        if cte_query.is_star:
    138            logger.warning(
    139                "Can't push down CTE column names for star queries. Run the query through"
    140                " the optimizer or use 'qualify' to expand the star projections first."
    141            )
    142            return expression
    143
    144        column_names = expression.alias_column_names
    145        expression.args["alias"].set("columns", None)
    146
    147        for name, select in zip(column_names, cte_query.selects):
    148            to_replace = select
    149
    150            if isinstance(select, exp.Alias):
    151                select = select.this
    152
    153            # Inner aliases are shadowed by the CTE column names
    154            to_replace.replace(exp.alias_(select, name))
    155
    156    return expression
    157
    158
    159def _parse_timestamp(args: t.List) -> exp.StrToTime:
    160    this = format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "bigquery")([seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)])
    161    this.set("zone", seq_get(args, 2))
    162    return this
    163
    164
    165def _parse_date(args: t.List) -> exp.Date | exp.DateFromParts:
    166    expr_type = exp.DateFromParts if len(args) == 3 else exp.Date
    167    return expr_type.from_arg_list(args)
    168
    169
    170def _parse_to_hex(args: t.List) -> exp.Hex | exp.MD5:
    171    # TO_HEX(MD5(..)) is common in BigQuery, so it's parsed into MD5 to simplify its transpilation
    172    arg = seq_get(args, 0)
    173    return exp.MD5(this=arg.this) if isinstance(arg, exp.MD5Digest) else exp.Hex(this=arg)
    174
    175
    176class BigQuery(Dialect):
    177    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
    178    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    179
    180    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
    181    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = None
    182
    183    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
    184    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
    185
    186    TIME_MAPPING = {
    187        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
    188    }
    189
    190    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
    191        "DD": "%d",
    192        "MM": "%m",
    193        "MON": "%b",
    194        "MONTH": "%B",
    195        "YYYY": "%Y",
    196        "YY": "%y",
    197        "HH": "%I",
    198        "HH12": "%I",
    199        "HH24": "%H",
    200        "MI": "%M",
    201        "SS": "%S",
    202        "SSSSS": "%f",
    203        "TZH": "%z",
    204    }
    205
    206    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
    207    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
    208    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"_PARTITIONTIME", "_PARTITIONDATE"}
    209
    210    @classmethod
    211    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
    212        # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
    213        # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
    214        # not they're qualified.
    215        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
    216            parent = expression.parent
    217
    218            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    219                parent = parent.parent
    220
    221            if (
    222                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    223                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
    224                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
    225            ):
    226                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    227
    228        return expression
    229
    230    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    231        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    232        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    233        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    234        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    235
    236        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    237
    238        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    239            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    240        ]
    241
    242        RAW_STRINGS = [
    243            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    244        ]
    245
    246        KEYWORDS = {
    247            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    248            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    249            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    250            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    251            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    252            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    253            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    254            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    255            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
    256            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    257            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    258            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    259            "UNKNOWN": TokenType.NULL,
    260            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    261        }
    262        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    263
    264    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    265        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    266
    267        LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
    268        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    269
    270        FUNCTIONS = {
    271            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    272            "DATE": _parse_date,
    273            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    274            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    275            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    276                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    277                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    278            ),
    279            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    280            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    281            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
    282            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    283            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    284            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
    285            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    286                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    287            ),
    288            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
    289            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    290            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    291                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    292                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    293                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    294                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    295                group=exp.Literal.number(1)
    296                if re.compile(str(seq_get(args, 1))).groups == 1
    297                else None,
    298            ),
    299            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    300            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    301            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    302                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    303                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    304                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    305            ),
    306            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    307            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    308            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    309            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    310            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    311        }
    312
    313        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    314            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    315            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    316        }
    317        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    318
    319        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    320            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    321            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    322        }
    323
    324        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    325            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    326            TokenType.TABLE,
    327        }
    328
    329        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    330            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    331            TokenType.VALUES,
    332        }
    333
    334        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    335            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    336            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    337                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    338            ),
    339            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    340        }
    341
    342        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    343            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    344            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    345        }
    346
    347        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    348            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
    349
    350            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    351            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    352                table_name = this.name
    353                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    354                    self._advance(2)
    355                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
    356
    357                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    358            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
    359                table_name = this.name
    360
    361                if (
    362                    self._curr
    363                    and self._prev.end == self._curr.start - 1
    364                    and self._parse_var(any_token=True)
    365                ):
    366                    table_name += self._prev.text
    367
    368                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
    369
    370            return this
    371
    372        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    373            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    374            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
    375                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    376                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
    377                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
    378                )
    379
    380                if rest and this:
    381                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
    382
    383                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    384
    385            return table
    386
    387        def _parse_json_object(self) -> exp.JSONObject:
    388            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
    389            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
    390
    391            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
    392            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
    393            if (
    394                array_kv_pair
    395                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
    396                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
    397            ):
    398                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
    399                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
    400
    401                json_object.set(
    402                    "expressions",
    403                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
    404                )
    405
    406            return json_object
    407
    408    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    409        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    410        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    411        JOIN_HINTS = False
    412        QUERY_HINTS = False
    413        TABLE_HINTS = False
    414        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    415        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    416        ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK = True
    417        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    418
    419        TRANSFORMS = {
    420            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    421            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    422            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    423            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    424            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    425            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    426            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    427            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
    428            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    429            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    430            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    431            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    432            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    433            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    434            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    435            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    436            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
    437            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    438            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    439            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    440            exp.JSONKeyValue: json_keyvalue_comma_sql,
    441            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    442            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    443            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    444            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    445            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    446            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    447                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    448                e.this,
    449                e.expression,
    450                e.args.get("position"),
    451                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    452            ),
    453            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    454            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    455            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    456            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    457                [
    458                    transforms.explode_to_unnest,
    459                    _unqualify_unnest,
    460                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    461                    _alias_ordered_group,
    462                ]
    463            ),
    464            exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func(
    465                f"SHA256" if e.text("length") == "256" else "SHA512", e.this
    466            ),
    467            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
    468            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
    469            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
    470            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    471            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
    472                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
    473            ),
    474            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    475            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    476            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    477            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    478            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    479            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    480            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    481            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
    482            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    483            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    484            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    485        }
    486
    487        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    488            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    489            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    490            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    491            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    492            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    493            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    494            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    495            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    496            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    497            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    498            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    499            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    500            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    501            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    502            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    503            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    504            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    505            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    506            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    507            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    508            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    509        }
    510
    511        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    512            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    513            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    514            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    515        }
    516
    517        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    518        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    519            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
    520            "all",
    521            "and",
    522            "any",
    523            "array",
    524            "as",
    525            "asc",
    526            "assert_rows_modified",
    527            "at",
    528            "between",
    529            "by",
    530            "case",
    531            "cast",
    532            "collate",
    533            "contains",
    534            "create",
    535            "cross",
    536            "cube",
    537            "current",
    538            "default",
    539            "define",
    540            "desc",
    541            "distinct",
    542            "else",
    543            "end",
    544            "enum",
    545            "escape",
    546            "except",
    547            "exclude",
    548            "exists",
    549            "extract",
    550            "false",
    551            "fetch",
    552            "following",
    553            "for",
    554            "from",
    555            "full",
    556            "group",
    557            "grouping",
    558            "groups",
    559            "hash",
    560            "having",
    561            "if",
    562            "ignore",
    563            "in",
    564            "inner",
    565            "intersect",
    566            "interval",
    567            "into",
    568            "is",
    569            "join",
    570            "lateral",
    571            "left",
    572            "like",
    573            "limit",
    574            "lookup",
    575            "merge",
    576            "natural",
    577            "new",
    578            "no",
    579            "not",
    580            "null",
    581            "nulls",
    582            "of",
    583            "on",
    584            "or",
    585            "order",
    586            "outer",
    587            "over",
    588            "partition",
    589            "preceding",
    590            "proto",
    591            "qualify",
    592            "range",
    593            "recursive",
    594            "respect",
    595            "right",
    596            "rollup",
    597            "rows",
    598            "select",
    599            "set",
    600            "some",
    601            "struct",
    602            "tablesample",
    603            "then",
    604            "to",
    605            "treat",
    606            "true",
    607            "unbounded",
    608            "union",
    609            "unnest",
    610            "using",
    611            "when",
    612            "where",
    613            "window",
    614            "with",
    615            "within",
    616        }
    617
    618        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    619            parent = expression.parent
    620
    621            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    622            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    623            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    624                return self.func(
    625                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    626                )
    627
    628            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    629
    630        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    631            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    632
    633        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    634            if expression.alias_column_names:
    635                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    636            return super().cte_sql(expression)
    637
    638        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    639            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    640            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    641                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    642
    643            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
    644
    645        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    646            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
    647
    648        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    649            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
    650
    651        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    652            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
    653
    654        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    655            return self.sql(expression)
    656
    657        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    658            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    659                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    660            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    661
    662        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    663            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    664                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    665            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    666
    667        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    668            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
    669
    670        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    671            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    672                expression = expression.copy()
    673                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    674            return super().version_sql(expression)

logger = <Logger sqlglot (WARNING)>
class BigQuery(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    177class BigQuery(Dialect):
    178    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
    179    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    180
    181    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
    182    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = None
    183
    184    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
    185    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
    186
    187    TIME_MAPPING = {
    188        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
    189    }
    190
    191    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
    192        "DD": "%d",
    193        "MM": "%m",
    194        "MON": "%b",
    195        "MONTH": "%B",
    196        "YYYY": "%Y",
    197        "YY": "%y",
    198        "HH": "%I",
    199        "HH12": "%I",
    200        "HH24": "%H",
    201        "MI": "%M",
    202        "SS": "%S",
    203        "SSSSS": "%f",
    204        "TZH": "%z",
    205    }
    206
    207    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
    208    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
    209    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"_PARTITIONTIME", "_PARTITIONDATE"}
    210
    211    @classmethod
    212    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
    213        # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
    214        # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
    215        # not they're qualified.
    216        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
    217            parent = expression.parent
    218
    219            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    220                parent = parent.parent
    221
    222            if (
    223                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    224                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
    225                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
    226            ):
    227                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    228
    229        return expression
    230
    231    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    232        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    233        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    234        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    235        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    236
    237        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    238
    239        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    240            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    241        ]
    242
    243        RAW_STRINGS = [
    244            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    245        ]
    246
    247        KEYWORDS = {
    248            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    249            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    250            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    251            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    252            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    253            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    254            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    255            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    256            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
    257            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    258            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    259            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    260            "UNKNOWN": TokenType.NULL,
    261            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    262        }
    263        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    264
    265    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    266        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    267
    268        LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
    269        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    270
    271        FUNCTIONS = {
    272            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    273            "DATE": _parse_date,
    274            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    275            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    276            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    277                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    278                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    279            ),
    280            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    281            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    282            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
    283            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    284            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    285            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
    286            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    287                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    288            ),
    289            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
    290            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    291            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    292                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    293                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    294                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    295                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    296                group=exp.Literal.number(1)
    297                if re.compile(str(seq_get(args, 1))).groups == 1
    298                else None,
    299            ),
    300            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    301            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    302            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    303                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    304                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    305                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    306            ),
    307            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    308            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    309            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    310            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    311            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    312        }
    313
    314        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    315            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    316            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    317        }
    318        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    319
    320        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    321            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    322            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    323        }
    324
    325        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    326            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    327            TokenType.TABLE,
    328        }
    329
    330        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    331            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    332            TokenType.VALUES,
    333        }
    334
    335        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    336            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    337            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    338                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    339            ),
    340            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    341        }
    342
    343        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    344            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    345            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    346        }
    347
    348        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    349            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
    350
    351            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    352            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    353                table_name = this.name
    354                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    355                    self._advance(2)
    356                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
    357
    358                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    359            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
    360                table_name = this.name
    361
    362                if (
    363                    self._curr
    364                    and self._prev.end == self._curr.start - 1
    365                    and self._parse_var(any_token=True)
    366                ):
    367                    table_name += self._prev.text
    368
    369                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
    370
    371            return this
    372
    373        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    374            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    375            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
    376                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    377                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
    378                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
    379                )
    380
    381                if rest and this:
    382                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
    383
    384                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    385
    386            return table
    387
    388        def _parse_json_object(self) -> exp.JSONObject:
    389            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
    390            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
    391
    392            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
    393            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
    394            if (
    395                array_kv_pair
    396                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
    397                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
    398            ):
    399                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
    400                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
    401
    402                json_object.set(
    403                    "expressions",
    404                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
    405                )
    406
    407            return json_object
    408
    409    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    410        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    411        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    412        JOIN_HINTS = False
    413        QUERY_HINTS = False
    414        TABLE_HINTS = False
    415        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    416        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    417        ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK = True
    418        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    419
    420        TRANSFORMS = {
    421            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    422            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    423            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    424            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    425            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    426            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    427            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    428            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
    429            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    430            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    431            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    432            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    433            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    434            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    435            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    436            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    437            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
    438            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    439            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    440            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    441            exp.JSONKeyValue: json_keyvalue_comma_sql,
    442            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    443            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    444            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    445            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    446            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    447            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    448                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    449                e.this,
    450                e.expression,
    451                e.args.get("position"),
    452                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    453            ),
    454            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    455            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    456            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    457            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    458                [
    459                    transforms.explode_to_unnest,
    460                    _unqualify_unnest,
    461                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    462                    _alias_ordered_group,
    463                ]
    464            ),
    465            exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func(
    466                f"SHA256" if e.text("length") == "256" else "SHA512", e.this
    467            ),
    468            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
    469            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
    470            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
    471            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    472            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
    473                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
    474            ),
    475            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    476            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    477            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    478            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    479            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    480            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    481            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    482            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
    483            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    484            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    485            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    486        }
    487
    488        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    489            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    490            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    491            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    492            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    493            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    494            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    495            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    496            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    497            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    498            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    499            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    500            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    501            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    502            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    503            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    504            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    505            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    506            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    507            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    508            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    509            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    510        }
    511
    512        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    513            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    514            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    515            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    516        }
    517
    518        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    519        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    520            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
    521            "all",
    522            "and",
    523            "any",
    524            "array",
    525            "as",
    526            "asc",
    527            "assert_rows_modified",
    528            "at",
    529            "between",
    530            "by",
    531            "case",
    532            "cast",
    533            "collate",
    534            "contains",
    535            "create",
    536            "cross",
    537            "cube",
    538            "current",
    539            "default",
    540            "define",
    541            "desc",
    542            "distinct",
    543            "else",
    544            "end",
    545            "enum",
    546            "escape",
    547            "except",
    548            "exclude",
    549            "exists",
    550            "extract",
    551            "false",
    552            "fetch",
    553            "following",
    554            "for",
    555            "from",
    556            "full",
    557            "group",
    558            "grouping",
    559            "groups",
    560            "hash",
    561            "having",
    562            "if",
    563            "ignore",
    564            "in",
    565            "inner",
    566            "intersect",
    567            "interval",
    568            "into",
    569            "is",
    570            "join",
    571            "lateral",
    572            "left",
    573            "like",
    574            "limit",
    575            "lookup",
    576            "merge",
    577            "natural",
    578            "new",
    579            "no",
    580            "not",
    581            "null",
    582            "nulls",
    583            "of",
    584            "on",
    585            "or",
    586            "order",
    587            "outer",
    588            "over",
    589            "partition",
    590            "preceding",
    591            "proto",
    592            "qualify",
    593            "range",
    594            "recursive",
    595            "respect",
    596            "right",
    597            "rollup",
    598            "rows",
    599            "select",
    600            "set",
    601            "some",
    602            "struct",
    603            "tablesample",
    604            "then",
    605            "to",
    606            "treat",
    607            "true",
    608            "unbounded",
    609            "union",
    610            "unnest",
    611            "using",
    612            "when",
    613            "where",
    614            "window",
    615            "with",
    616            "within",
    617        }
    618
    619        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    620            parent = expression.parent
    621
    622            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    623            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    624            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    625                return self.func(
    626                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    627                )
    628
    629            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    630
    631        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    632            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    633
    634        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    635            if expression.alias_column_names:
    636                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    637            return super().cte_sql(expression)
    638
    639        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    640            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    641            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    642                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    643
    644            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
    645
    646        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    647            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
    648
    649        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    650            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
    651
    652        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    653            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
    654
    655        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    656            return self.sql(expression)
    657
    658        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    659            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    660                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    661            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    662
    663        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    664            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    665                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    666            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    667
    668        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    669            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
    670
    671        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    672            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    673                expression = expression.copy()
    674                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    675            return super().version_sql(expression)

UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE: Optional[bool] = None
NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%D': '%m/%d/%y'}
FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'DD': '%d', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'TZH': '%z'}
PSEUDOCOLUMNS: Set[str] = {'_PARTITIONDATE', '_PARTITIONTIME'}
@classmethod
def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: ~E) -> ~E: View Source

    211    @classmethod
    212    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
    213        # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
    214        # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
    215        # not they're qualified.
    216        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
    217            parent = expression.parent
    218
    219            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    220                parent = parent.parent
    221
    222            if (
    223                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    224                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
    225                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
    226            ):
    227                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    228
    229        return expression

Normalizes an unquoted identifier to either lower or upper case, thus essentially making it case-insensitive. If a dialect treats all identifiers as case-insensitive, they will be normalized regardless of being quoted or not.

tokenizer_class = <class 'BigQuery.Tokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'BigQuery.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'BigQuery.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'D': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
BIT_START = None
BIT_END = None
HEX_START = '0x'
HEX_END = ''
BYTE_START = "b'"
BYTE_END = "'"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NULL_ORDERING
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  TIME_FORMAT
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  quote_identifier
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class BigQuery.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    231    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    232        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    233        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    234        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    235        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    236
    237        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    238
    239        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    240            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    241        ]
    242
    243        RAW_STRINGS = [
    244            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    245        ]
    246
    247        KEYWORDS = {
    248            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    249            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    250            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    251            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    252            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    253            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    254            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    255            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    256            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
    257            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    258            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    259            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    260            "UNKNOWN": TokenType.NULL,
    261            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    262        }
    263        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")

QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
COMMENTS = ['--', '#', ('/*', '*/')]
IDENTIFIERS = ['`']
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\']
HEX_STRINGS = [('0x', ''), ('0X', '')]
BYTE_STRINGS = [("b'", "'"), ("B'", "'"), ('b"', '"'), ('B"', '"'), ('b"""', '"""'), ('B"""', '"""'), ("b'''", "'''"), ("B'''", "'''")]
RAW_STRINGS = [("r'", "'"), ("R'", "'"), ('r"', '"'), ('R"', '"'), ('r"""', '"""'), ('R"""', '"""'), ("r'''", "'''"), ("R'''", "'''")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'ANY TYPE': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'BEGIN TRANSACTION': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, 'BYTES': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'FLOAT64': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'RECORD': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'FOR SYSTEM_TIME': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  SINGLE_TOKENS
  BIT_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  ENCODE
  reset
  tokenize
  peek
  size
  sql
  tokens

class BigQuery.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    265    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    266        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    267
    268        LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
    269        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    270
    271        FUNCTIONS = {
    272            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    273            "DATE": _parse_date,
    274            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    275            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    276            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    277                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    278                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    279            ),
    280            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    281            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    282            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
    283            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    284            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    285            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
    286            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    287                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    288            ),
    289            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
    290            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    291            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    292                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    293                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    294                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    295                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    296                group=exp.Literal.number(1)
    297                if re.compile(str(seq_get(args, 1))).groups == 1
    298                else None,
    299            ),
    300            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    301            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    302            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    303                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    304                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    305                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    306            ),
    307            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    308            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    309            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    310            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    311            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    312        }
    313
    314        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    315            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    316            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    317        }
    318        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    319
    320        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    321            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    322            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    323        }
    324
    325        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    326            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    327            TokenType.TABLE,
    328        }
    329
    330        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    331            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    332            TokenType.VALUES,
    333        }
    334
    335        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    336            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    337            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    338                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    339            ),
    340            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    341        }
    342
    343        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    344            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    345            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    346        }
    347
    348        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    349            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
    350
    351            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    352            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    353                table_name = this.name
    354                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    355                    self._advance(2)
    356                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
    357
    358                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    359            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
    360                table_name = this.name
    361
    362                if (
    363                    self._curr
    364                    and self._prev.end == self._curr.start - 1
    365                    and self._parse_var(any_token=True)
    366                ):
    367                    table_name += self._prev.text
    368
    369                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
    370
    371            return this
    372
    373        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    374            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    375            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
    376                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    377                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
    378                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
    379                )
    380
    381                if rest and this:
    382                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
    383
    384                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    385
    386            return table
    387
    388        def _parse_json_object(self) -> exp.JSONObject:
    389            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
    390            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
    391
    392            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
    393            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
    394            if (
    395                array_kv_pair
    396                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
    397                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
    398            ):
    399                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
    400                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
    401
    402                json_object.set(
    403                    "expressions",
    404                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
    405                )
    406
    407            return json_object

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: Determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Concat'>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConcatWs'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <function _parse_date>, 'DATE_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DATE_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDateOfMonth'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log'>>, 'LOG10': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log10'>>, 'LOG2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log2'>>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeConcat'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetAgg'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function parse_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function parse_like>, 'DIV': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'TO_HEX': <function _parse_to_hex>, 'PARSE_DATE': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARSE_TIMESTAMP': <function _parse_timestamp>, 'REGEXP_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SHA256': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA512': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_JSON_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'ANY_VALUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {<TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>}
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {'AUTOINCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASESPECIFIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMPRESS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NONCLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFAULT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENCODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IDENTITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INLINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PATH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REFERENCES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TITLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNIQUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPERCASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
TOKENIZER_CLASS: Type[sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer] = <class 'BigQuery.Tokenizer'>
UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY: bool = True
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'DD': '%d', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'TZH': '%z'}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%D': '%m/%d/%y'}
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'D': {0: True}}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_KEYWORDS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  INTERVAL_VARS
  TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  TIMES
  TIMESTAMPS
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  STATEMENT_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  RANGE_PARSERS
  ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  SHOW_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  MODIFIABLES
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KINDS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  STRICT_CAST
  CONCAT_NULL_OUTPUTS_STRING
  IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  INDEX_OFFSET
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NULL_ORDERING
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class BigQuery.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    409    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    410        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    411        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    412        JOIN_HINTS = False
    413        QUERY_HINTS = False
    414        TABLE_HINTS = False
    415        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    416        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    417        ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK = True
    418        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    419
    420        TRANSFORMS = {
    421            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    422            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    423            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    424            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    425            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    426            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    427            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    428            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
    429            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    430            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    431            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    432            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    433            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    434            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    435            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    436            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    437            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
    438            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    439            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    440            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    441            exp.JSONKeyValue: json_keyvalue_comma_sql,
    442            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    443            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    444            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    445            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    446            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    447            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    448                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    449                e.this,
    450                e.expression,
    451                e.args.get("position"),
    452                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    453            ),
    454            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    455            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    456            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    457            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    458                [
    459                    transforms.explode_to_unnest,
    460                    _unqualify_unnest,
    461                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    462                    _alias_ordered_group,
    463                ]
    464            ),
    465            exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func(
    466                f"SHA256" if e.text("length") == "256" else "SHA512", e.this
    467            ),
    468            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
    469            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
    470            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
    471            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    472            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
    473                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
    474            ),
    475            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    476            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    477            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    478            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    479            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    480            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    481            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    482            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
    483            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    484            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    485            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    486        }
    487
    488        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    489            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    490            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    491            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    492            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    493            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    494            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    495            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    496            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    497            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    498            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    499            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    500            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    501            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    502            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    503            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    504            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    505            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    506            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    507            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    508            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    509            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    510        }
    511
    512        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    513            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    514            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    515            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    516        }
    517
    518        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    519        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    520            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
    521            "all",
    522            "and",
    523            "any",
    524            "array",
    525            "as",
    526            "asc",
    527            "assert_rows_modified",
    528            "at",
    529            "between",
    530            "by",
    531            "case",
    532            "cast",
    533            "collate",
    534            "contains",
    535            "create",
    536            "cross",
    537            "cube",
    538            "current",
    539            "default",
    540            "define",
    541            "desc",
    542            "distinct",
    543            "else",
    544            "end",
    545            "enum",
    546            "escape",
    547            "except",
    548            "exclude",
    549            "exists",
    550            "extract",
    551            "false",
    552            "fetch",
    553            "following",
    554            "for",
    555            "from",
    556            "full",
    557            "group",
    558            "grouping",
    559            "groups",
    560            "hash",
    561            "having",
    562            "if",
    563            "ignore",
    564            "in",
    565            "inner",
    566            "intersect",
    567            "interval",
    568            "into",
    569            "is",
    570            "join",
    571            "lateral",
    572            "left",
    573            "like",
    574            "limit",
    575            "lookup",
    576            "merge",
    577            "natural",
    578            "new",
    579            "no",
    580            "not",
    581            "null",
    582            "nulls",
    583            "of",
    584            "on",
    585            "or",
    586            "order",
    587            "outer",
    588            "over",
    589            "partition",
    590            "preceding",
    591            "proto",
    592            "qualify",
    593            "range",
    594            "recursive",
    595            "respect",
    596            "right",
    597            "rollup",
    598            "rows",
    599            "select",
    600            "set",
    601            "some",
    602            "struct",
    603            "tablesample",
    604            "then",
    605            "to",
    606            "treat",
    607            "true",
    608            "unbounded",
    609            "union",
    610            "unnest",
    611            "using",
    612            "when",
    613            "where",
    614            "window",
    615            "with",
    616            "within",
    617        }
    618
    619        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    620            parent = expression.parent
    621
    622            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    623            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    624            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    625                return self.func(
    626                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    627                )
    628
    629            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    630
    631        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    632            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    633
    634        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    635            if expression.alias_column_names:
    636                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    637            return super().cte_sql(expression)
    638
    639        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    640            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    641            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    642                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    643
    644            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
    645
    646        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    647            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
    648
    649        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    650            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
    651
    652        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    653            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
    654
    655        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    656            return self.sql(expression)
    657
    658        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    659            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    660                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    661            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    662
    663        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    664            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    665                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    666            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    667
    668        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    669            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
    670
    671        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    672            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    673                expression = expression.copy()
    674                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    675            return super().version_sql(expression)

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether or not to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether or not to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: Determines the pad size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- indent: Determines the indentation size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: Whether or not to normalize all function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Determines whether or not the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

EXPLICIT_UNION = True
INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
LIMIT_FETCH = 'LIMIT'
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK = True
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CheckColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function _returnsproperty_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function _create_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CTE'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONKeyValue'>: <function json_keyvalue_comma_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>: <function regexp_replace_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function ts_or_ds_to_date_sql.<locals>._ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Values'>: <function _derived_table_values_to_unnest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>: 'BIGNUMERIC', <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>: 'BOOL', <Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: 'NUMERIC', <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INT64', <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'STRING', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'DATETIME', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>: 'ANY TYPE'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'following', 'of', 'interval', 'join', 'tablesample', 'natural', 'nulls', 'as', 'array', 'assert_rows_modified', 'order', 'outer', 'default', 'not', 'some', 'case', 'within', 'group', 'limit', 'current', 'like', 'cube', 'exclude', 'rollup', 'any', 'proto', 'escape', 'false', 'over', 'for', 'all', 'where', 'recursive', 'and', 'select', 'cast', 'else', 'on', 'merge', 'unnest', 'range', 'set', 'exists', 'at', 'intersect', 'grouping', 'lateral', 'when', 'struct', 'desc', 'by', 'cross', 'define', 'no', 'into', 'respect', 'full', 'extract', 'rows', 'qualify', 'between', 'hash', 'collate', 'inner', 'new', 'with', 'if', 'enum', 'asc', 'left', 'union', 'lookup', 'end', 'is', 'except', 'contains', 'ignore', 'partition', 'having', 'from', 'treat', 'fetch', 'or', 'right', 'then', 'unbounded', 'using', 'null', 'create', 'preceding', 'groups', 'window', 'distinct', 'true', 'to', 'in'}
def attimezone_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone) -> str: View Source

    619        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    620            parent = expression.parent
    621
    622            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    623            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    624            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    625                return self.func(
    626                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    627                )
    628
    629            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)

def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str: View Source

    631        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    632            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")

def cte_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.CTE) -> str: View Source

    634        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    635            if expression.alias_column_names:
    636                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    637            return super().cte_sql(expression)

def array_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Array) -> str: View Source

    639        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    640            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    641            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    642                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    643
    644            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)

def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str: View Source

    646        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    647            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"

def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str: View Source

    649        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    650            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"

def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str: View Source

    652        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    653            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"

def in_unnest_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str: View Source

    655        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    656            return self.sql(expression)

def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except) -> str: View Source

    658        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    659            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    660                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    661            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"

def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect) -> str: View Source

    663        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    664            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    665                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    666            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"

def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str: View Source

    668        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    669            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))

def version_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Version) -> str: View Source

    671        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    672            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    673                expression = expression.copy()
    674                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    675            return super().version_sql(expression)

INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False
@classmethod
def can_identify(text: str, identify: str | bool = 'safe') -> bool: View Source

    260    @classmethod
    261    def can_identify(cls, text: str, identify: str | bool = "safe") -> bool:
    262        """Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.
    263
    264        Args:
    265            text: The text to check.
    266            identify:
    267                "always" or `True`: Always returns true.
    268                "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.
    269
    270        Returns:
    271            Whether or not the given text can be identified.
    272        """
    273        if identify is True or identify == "always":
    274            return True
    275
    276        if identify == "safe":
    277            return not cls.case_sensitive(text)
    278
    279        return False

Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.

###### Arguments:

- text: The text to check.
- identify: "always" or `True`: Always returns true. "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.

###### Returns:

> Whether or not the given text can be identified.

QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
TOKENIZER_CLASS = <class 'BigQuery.Tokenizer'>
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = '0x'
HEX_END: Optional[str] = ''
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = "b'"
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = "'"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
  SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
  SELECT_KINDS
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  STAR_MAPPING
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  STRUCT_DELIMITER
  PARAMETER_TOKEN
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  INDEX_OFFSET
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NULL_ORDERING
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  clone_sql
  describe_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  except_sql
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  locate_properties
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  intersect_sql
  introducer_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
  prior_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  cluster_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  offset_limit_modifiers
  after_having_modifiers
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  union_sql
  union_op
  unnest_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_sql
  safebracket_sql
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  safeconcat_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  formatjson_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  jsonarray_sql
  jsonarrayagg_sql
  jsoncolumndef_sql
  jsontable_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  interval_sql
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  aliases_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  cast_sql
  currentdate_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  mergetreettlaction_sql
  mergetreettl_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  renametable_sql
  altertable_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  safedpipe_sql
  div_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  eq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  ilikeany_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  likeany_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mod_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  or_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  text_width
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  set_operation
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql
  dictproperty_sql
  dictrange_sql
  dictsubproperty_sql
  oncluster_sql
  clusteredbyproperty_sql
  anyvalue_sql
  querytransform_sql
  indexconstraintoption_sql
  indexcolumnconstraint_sql
  nvl2_sql
  comprehension_sql
  columnprefix_sql